Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice. Of the cereals, rice oryza sativa is the most sensitive and barley hordeum vulgare is the most tolerant figure 1. Salt tolerant and sensitive rice varieties display. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area, yield and yield components of rice genotypes grown under saline environment y. Genetically engineered indica rice for drought and.
Therefore, screening of rice for salinity tolerance at seedling stage is important for the improvement of rice production under saline environment 28. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice linghe zeng and michael c. Dissecting the genetic loci controlling salt tolerance in rice for. Therefore, strs is an important trait for stable rice production in salt. Overexpression of this gene in rice is associated with increased level of trehalose and proline along with upregulation of some of the stress inducible genes including wsi18, rab16c, hsp70 and elip. Of these, 20% are already known to be responders to abiotic stress in rice, confirming their upregulation during stress exposure. Challenges and opportunities thi my linh hoang 1, thach ngoc tran 2, thuy kieu tien nguyen 2, brett williams 1, penelope wurm 3, sean bellairs 3 and sagadevan mundree 1, 1 queensland university of technology qut centre for tropical crops and biocommodities, brisbane, qld 4001, australia. To identify novel genes and possible mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance responses in rice seedlings, rna sequencing rnaseq technology was used for genomewide gene expression profiling analysis to compare three coldtolerant genotypes and one coldsensitive genotype under both normal temperature and cold stress treatments.
Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Research paper increased tolerance to salt stress in opdadeficient rice allene oxide cyclase mutants is linked to an increased rosscavenging activity mohamed hazman 1,2, bettina hause3, elisabeth eiche4, peter nick and michael riemann 1 botanical institute, molecular cell biology, karlsruhe institute of technology, karlsruhe, germany. Effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice oryza sativa l. Salt stress causes significant reductions in rice production worldwide. Downregulation of the dst transcription factor using. The effects of plant growth stage and salinity duration on plant survival in rice was observed by flowers and yeo 1981. We investigated whether the improved growth of atabcg36. Wild rice germplasm is considered a valuable genetic resource for improving rice cultivars. Physiological, biochemical and gene expression studies of. The potential role of photorespiration in the protection against salt stress was examined with transgenic rice plants.
Results obtained from the present study clearly indicate that the salt tolerant rice variety pokkali showed major differences in activity of various enzymes in the presence and absence of stress from salt sensitive varieties. International journal of molecular sciences article overexpression of rice expansin7 osexpa7 confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress in rice chuluuntsetseg jadamba 1, kiyoon kang 2, namchon paek 2, soo in lee 3, and soocheul yoo 1, 1 crop molecular breeding laboratory, department of plant life and environmental science, hankyong national university, jungangro, anseongsi, gyeonggido. Rice growth is the most sensitive to salinity stress at two developmental stages, early. This may be due to differences in genotype resulting in synthesis of these enzymes. Channel oskat1 confers tolerance to salinity stress on yeast and rice cells. A quantitative trait locus, qse3, promotes seed germination and seedling establishment under salinity stress in rice yongqi he 1, bin yang, ying he 1, chengfang zhan, yanhao cheng, jiahui zhang, hongsheng zhang, jinping cheng1, and zhoufei wang1,2, 1the laboratory of seed science and technology, state key laboratory of crop genetics and germplasm enhancement. Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat plos. Similarly, mirna involved in salinity stress was 5. In this project the sodium uptake mechanisms in salt tolerant and salt sensitive species were studied by use of a new fluorescent dye, specific for sodium, sbfi. Traditional rice landraces of coastal area in bangladesh are distinct regarding their phenotype, response to salt stress and yield attributes.
Screening rice for salinity tolerance international rice research. Root response to drought stress in rice oryza sativa l. Even though rice is considered to be generally salt sensitive, there is genetic variation for salt tolerance at critical stages in the cultivated gene pool yeo and. Thus, further investigations are needed to sufficiently explain the underlying mechanisms of protection of rice under salt stress condition. High temperature stress during flowering and grain filling. Rice is relatively salttolerant at germination, and in some cases is not affected significantly by up to 16. Akmar laboratory of food crops, institute of tropical agriculture, universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm serdang, selangor, malaysia. Plant material, growth conditions and salt stress treatments. Anamul hoque1, 1department of soil science, bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh2202, bangladesh. Under salinity and high temperature stress, osif overexpressing plants could maintain signicantly high yield, while the wt and kd plants could not. Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate.
Salt tolerant and sensitive rice varieties oryza sativa l. In rice we have shown that sodium must enter into the cytosol before a. Frontiers improvement of salt tolerance using wild rice. Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high. Farmers have achieved bumper production of stress tolerant rice during this season in stress prone regions of bangladesh, increasing food production ushering in a new era in the agriculture sector. Tolerance or resistance of rice plant to salt stress involves many adaptive responses at molecular, cellular, and. Genetics and evolution of wheat commonwheattriticumaestivuml.
Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in three rice oryza sativa l. Understanding the genetic basis of salinity tolerance is key for. Despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice. Qtls for seedling stage salinity tolerance have been mapped on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and 7 in earlier studies 3639, but there is limited information on salt tolerance at reproductive stage strs, which is crucial for improving rice productivity under salt stress. The need for salt tolerant rice varieties able to cope with several other stress conditions obviously puts a lot of pressure on breeders who must better comprehend the physiology and genetic control of salt tolerance. Rice intermediate lament, osif, stabilizes photosynthetic machinery and yield under salinity and heat stress neelam soda1, brijesh k. Shannon abstract reduction were observed scardaci et al. Carbohydrate metabolism, rice, salinity stress, salt tolerant salinity is a major environmental stress affecting plant. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting rice production worldwide. Stress caused by salinity is one of the most serious environmental. Salinity stress negatively affects the quality and quantity of crop production. Each transgenic rice plant line showed a different accumulation level of gs2.
Improvement of salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Reproductive stage physiological and transcriptional. Rice shaker potassium channel oskat1 confers tolerance to. Overexpression of atabcg36 improves drought and salt. Rice growth is the most sensitive to salinity stress at two developmental stages, early seedling and during reproduction. In this study, salt tolerance in 3 sarawak local rice varieties named bario, bajong and biris, have been assessed. The determination of salinity sensitivity parameters, for example, thresholds of salinity effects on rice seedling growth and yield components s. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and ion accumulation in two indica rice oriza sativa l. Tahir nuclear institute for agriculture and biology, faisalabad, pakistan abstract. The need for salttolerant rice varieties able to cope with several other stress conditions obviously puts a lot of pressure on breeders who must better comprehend the physiology and genetic control of salt tolerance. Stress physiology in relation to breeding for drought resistance a case study of rice. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area. The threshold for salt stress in rice is 3 dsm, with a 12% reduction in yield for. Gene expression analysis associated with salt stress in a.
Rice growth adapting to deepwater yoko hattori1, keisuke nagai1,2 and motoyuki ashikari1 flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters, and. Searching global rice germplasm for desirable qtlgenes for high yield under awd and heat stress. Modified application of nitrogen fertilizer for increasing. Rice crop is sensitive to salinity particularly during the seedling growth stage 27. The ir29 is an indica variety referred as salt sensitive standard. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components. Spermidine treatment to rice seedlings recovers salinity. Qtl analysis for rice salinity tolerance and fine mapping of a. For salinity levels exceed 4, the conversion of rice culture to rice shrimp rotational farming is an adaptation strategy to improve farmers income and livelihoods. Application of temperature, water stress, co 2 in rice growth.
Assessment of salinity tolerance in rice using seedling based. Genomewide association study for salinity tolerance at the. Chlorophyll, reproductive stage, rice, salt stress. This includes many areas with soil salinity problems.
Rice is rated as a salt sensitive crop, especially at early seedling and reproductive stages 1, 2. Modelling the soil plantwater balance of rainfed lowland rice. Treatments were four combinations of two levels of osmotic stress at two developmental stages. Salinity tolerance loci revealed in rice using high. Pdf improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content. Significant breakthroughs have been made on the mechanism and control of salinity stress tolerance in rice, but large gaps about our understanding in this field remained to be explored. Among many genes involved in this pathway, a phytoene synthase gene, ospsy3 and 9cisepoxycarotenoid dioxygenases genes osnced3, osnced4 and. Kinuhikari was transformed with a chloroplastic glutamine synthetase gs2 gene from rice. Drought response of dry seeded rice and its modelling. Regulation of ion homeostasis in rice subjected to salt.
The crop of the rice which can fight with the resistant factors like drought are known as stress resistant rice. Salinity is the most common and extensive soil problem in coastal rice production environments. Bioavailability of potassium in soil md sarwar jahan1, mohd nozulaidi bin nordin1, mond khairi bin che lah1, yusop mohd khanif2 1 department of agricultural sciences, faculty of agriculture and biotechnology, university sultan. In fact, alkali stress has been shown to cause much stronger destructive effects on plants than salt stress yang et. In general, rice can tolerate a small amount of saltwater without compromising the growth and. Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that. Tolerance at the reproductive stage is the most crucial as it determines grain yield. Plant adaptation to environmental stresses such as salinity and drought is dependent on the activation of cascades of molecular networks. Genomewide association study of seedling stage salinity. Research paper increased tolerance to salt stress in opda. A transgenic plant line, g392, which accumulated about 1. Worldwide rice is grown on some 400 million hectares of salt affected land. Mar 31, 2016 transcriptome analysis in different rice cultivars provides novel insights into desiccation and salinity stress responses skip to main content thank you for visiting. An f2 mapping population was developed from two rice genotypes contrasting in tolerance.
However, rice is very sensitive to salinity and is the most salt sensitive cereal crop with a threshold of 3 dsm. Toward understanding transcriptional regulatory networks in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in rice. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and. Effect of chloride and sulfate salinity on nutrient uptake. Excess salinity in soil is one of the major environmental factors that limit plant growth and yield of a wide variety of crops including rice. Gupta2, khalid anwar1, ashutosh sharan1, govindjee3, sneh l. Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield.
As for the quantification of salinity stress, it was hypothesized that the yield of rice under salinity was the function of salt concentration, plant growth stage, and the duration of salinity stress. Interaction salinity is a major constraint to rice production. Genetic improvement of rice for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mahmoodurrahman ansari1, tayyaba shaheen1, shazia anwer bukhari2, tayyab husnain3 1plant research group, department of bioinformatics and biotechnology, gc university, faisalabad, pakistan 2department of applied chemistry and biochemistry, gc university, faisalabad, pakistan. Moreover, exogenous asa restored the salt tolerance of osvtc ri plants, indicating that the asa synthesis in rice roots is an important factor for the response of rice to salt stress. Through an extensive pedigreerelationship study of 140 u. We have demonstrated that an abscisic acidinducible rice mapk is capable of inversely modulating disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. For rice, soil salinity beyond ece 4 dsm is considered moderate salinity while more than 8 dsm becomes high.
As to future rice yield, night time temperature should be focused in the models as well as day time. Background salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting yield in many parts of the world. Transcriptome analysis in different rice cultivars provides. The consequences of all these can ultimately lead to plant death as result of growth arrest and molecular damage mc cure and hanson, 1990. However, information regarding the improvement of salt tolerance in cultivated rice using wild rice genes is limited. Sensitivity of rice reproductive stages to heat stress is well documented 19,20,21 which can lead to significant yield loss due to lower spikelet fertility. Tolerance to mild salinity stress in japonica rice. Nov 25, 2014 cold stress greatly affects plant growth and crop yield. Based on its annotation, the retrotransposon is located. Rice is considered to be a saltsensitive crop, and excess salt levels. On the basis of tolerance ability toward salinity, rice is considered as salt sensitive crop, and growth and yield of rice are greatly affected by salinity. Under abiotic stress conditions, expression of many genes is induced, and their products have important roles in stress responses and tolerance.
Mapping qtls for salt tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Rice responses to salinity stress in general, plants that are more salttolerant tend to grow more slowly at low salinity levels than less salttolerant plants. Any error in the ph may create unnecessary stress to the plants due to toxicity andor deficiency of nutrients and not because of salinity. Molecular and physiological traits imparting resistancetolerance and susceptibility to a particular biotic and abiotic stress are important from crop production point of view. Rice intermediate filament, osif, stabilizes photosynthetic. The susceptibility of rice to salinity stress varies with growth stage. To investigate the roles of osbhlh035 in plant growth and salt stress responses, we searched the rice tos17 insertion mutant database and identified a retrotransposon insertional osbhlh035 mutant line, ng7221. Adoptation responses of rice to salt stress the ability of rice plant to tolerate salt stress is an important feature in rice production momayezi et al. Disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are. Rice responses to salinity stress in general, plants that are more salt tolerant tend to grow more slowly at low salinity levels than less salt tolerant. On the one hand, overexpression of osmapk5 resulted in enhanced plant tolerance to drought, salt, and cold stresses. Seedling stage salt tolerance has been studied extensively in rice, mainly in the. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to uncover prospective rice landraces tolerant to salinity. Cultivation of the flooddrought and salinetolerant variety rice has already become.
It is a major staple food, which supports more than three billion people, and represents 50 to 80% of their daily calorie intake khush, 2005. Original article effects of water stress on rice production. Rice, salt stress, sodium salt compositions, mineral nutrients, nutrient imbalance. High salinity induced osmotic stress increases the biosynthesis of aba. Effect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content, pigments. Varietal characteristics and soil management to reduce drought stress.
These results demonstrate the potential use of our transgenic approach in developing new rice cultivars with increased abiotic stress tolerance and enhanced rice productivity. Development of management alternatives shannon 1997 and improvement of salinity tolerance in current cultivars epstein et al. It is suggested that partitioning sugars into starch may involve in salinity tolerance by avoiding metabolic alterations. Salt stress induced changes on enzyme activities during. The effects of the osmotic component of salt stress on rice cultivar ir64 were examined. Overall, this study documents the specific response of rice under defined conditions, and illustrates. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice. Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice rice. Genomewide transcriptional analysis of salinity stressed. Stress resistant rice list of high impact articles ppts. Causes of sterility in rice under salinity stress springerlink.
High salinity causes both water stress and ionic toxicity, which disrupts the integrity of cellular membranes, the activities of the various enzymes, function of photosynthetic apparatus and many other processes. The accuracy of the transcriptome data was confirmed by rna gelblot analysis of candidate genes, narrowing it to 73 genes upregulated by exposure to the abiotic stress. Shannon flood irrigation practices that are commonly used in california et al. Salinity tolerant temperate japonica rice accessions were identified in this study, these accessions are. With characterization of these landraces, suitable candidate genes for salinity tolerance could be identified to introgress into modern rice varieties. Natural variation of oslg3 controls drought stress tolerance.
They should be referred to as alkali stress and salt stress, respectively shi and yin, 1993. Physiology of stress tolerance in rice proceedings of the international conference on stress physiology of rice 28 feb 5 march 1994, lucknow, u. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response and. A project on physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of plants to salinity stress started in 2003. In recent decades, numerous studies have attempted to project the impact of hypothesised anthropogenic climate change on rice production.
Fl478 is known as a salt tolerant recombinant inbred line, ir669463r17811, and was developed by crossing a salt tolerant indica landrace, pokkali, with a salt sensitive indica genotype, ir29 22,23. Enzymatic antioxidative defence mechanisms under salinity stress. Thus, rice exhibits a dynamic and complex response to salt stress, consistent with the hypothesis that there are two distinct phases of salt stress 2. Effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice oryza. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response. Drought or water stress is a problem in rainfed areas with poor rainfall distribution or within irrigated areas with poor water delivery. Rice is a glycophyte, with the degree of tolerance to salinity stress varying within cultivars. Pokkali is also an indica variety and has been widely used as salt. Further, metabolite proling revealed a 24 fold higher accumulation of proline and trehalose in osif overexpressing rice than wt, under salinity stress. The variations in the plants physiological and biochemical aspects upon exposure to salinity stress were compared to a commercial malaysian rice variety. Both the quantity and quality of rice productivity could be severely reduced by mild salinity stress. These results suggest that osif is a key player in tolerance towards multiple abiotic stresses in rice at the seedling stage. Rnai mediated drought and salinity stress tolerance in plants.
Pdf seed priming to alleviate the effect of salinity. Pdf rice oryza sativa l is an important staple crop that feeds more than one half of the worlds population and is the model system for. Using lasso in gene coexpression network for genomewide. Rice is grown worldwide in areas where temperatures are suitable and irrigation water is available. Effect of salt stress on different seedling based growth parameters was reported in different crops 2931.