The cotton aphid aphis gossypii is an important vector for viral diseases. Polyphagism and polymorphic nature of this cosmopolitan aphid species always attracts attention of research workers across globe. Aphis gossypii, tradeoff, migration, digital gene expression, wing polyphenism. It is economically important and belongs to a group of closely related species that has challenged aphid taxonomy. Development and survivorship of the cotton aphid, aphis. Investigating the natural mortality of aphis gossypii. The melon aphid is distributed worldwide and is extremely po.
Variability and genetic basis for migratory behaviour in a. Current status of insecticide resistance in aphis gossypii. A very wide range of field and ornamental as well as vegetable crops may be infested by this pest. Nymphs mixed ages and dark form of wingless adult of melon aphids, aphis gossypii glover. The research presented here seeks to clarify the taxonomic relationships and status of species within the aphid.
Faculty of biology ha quang hung, hanoi agricultural univ. During spring and summer, the parthenogenetic population expands rapidly, resulting in a high nutrient consumption of the host plant. Bioassays effects of cotton, cowpea and cotton intercropped with cowpea systems on aphid a. Aphis gossypii glover is a destructive pest of over two dozen crops world wide. Kring the connecticut agricultural experiment station, new haven.
Tests were conducted in a climate chamber at 25 2c, with relative humidity rh at 70 10%, and a. The life cycle of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, an example of facultative migration james b. Slowrelease fertilizers such as organic fertilizers or ureabased timerelease formulations are best. Aphis gossypii glover, is one of the most interesting and complex of the insect world. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant. During these migratory flights, aphids may spread viral diseases from infected volunteer plants and weeds to healthy crops. Biology and life cycle the life cycle of the soybean aphid in the united states is similar to its native range wu et al. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree doctor of philosophy from university of technology sydney by kate l. North china is a traditional agricultural area with abundant winter and summer hosts of a. Life cycle of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, an. Aphids often feed on the new growth of plants and the underside of leaves, this results in chlorotic tissues and yellowing as well as plant wilt.
Aphis gossypii has been recorded as transmitting over 75. About 5,000 species of aphid have been described, all included in the family aphididae. Pdf biology and ecology of aphis gossypii homoptera. Aphis gossypii is one of the most biologically diverse and widely distributed aphid species. Aphididae during the winter season in the warmer region of japan and effects of temperature on the reproduction of the aphid in the laboratory. Aphis gossypii glover is a widely recognised economically important aphid species and invites attention of several workers of diverse fields. Diptera cultured on aphis gossypii glover 2010 bui minh hong, hanoi national univ. Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid greenfly in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. Gene expression profiling in winged and wingless cotton. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. On cowpea, the intrinsic rate of increase in the laboratory was 0. Mostly asexual reproduction with either alate or apterous females is observed in a. It seems likely that the darker aphids were also aphis gossypii, since aphis fabae is not recorded from this hypericum species. When considering the life cycle of an aphid, for instance, we cant avoid focusing.
The host range of aphis gossypii is dependent on aphid. Effect of temperature and diet on the life cycle and. Individuals capable of fly benefit from the ability, but it is also costly on energy for flight mechanism and flight behavior. This is an unusual condition since in related aphid species. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover. Some species feed on only one type of plant, while others are generalists, colonising many plant groups. Special bulletin of the college of agriculture, utsunomiya university, 37. Dec 01, 2014 aphis monardae and aphid gossypii are also differentiable morphologically. Molecular and morphological differentiation between aphis. Most aphids in californias mild climate reproduce asexually throughout most or all of the year with adult females giving birth to live offspringoften as many as 12 per daywithout mating.
Adults pass the winter on greens and other wild hosts. Langfield nee marshall bachelor of animal and veterinary bioscience hons. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover edis. The durations of the total life cycle during the corresponding periods were 11. May 11, 2016 life cycle of black vine weevil duration. Indoors the life cycle of cannabis aphid will normally just involve asexual reproduction, involving females only that give live birth. We speculated that feeding on a constant set of host plants in the life cycle of. Young plants often have reduced or stunted growth, and may sometimes be killed. Life cycle of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, an example of. This aphid species can transmit more than 50 different viruses, including the cucumber mosaic virus.
Aphididae in east mediterranean region of turkey and its development on some important host plants conference paper pdf available november. Biological separation of aphis gossypii glover and aphis. Tradeoffs between life history traits have been studied in a variety of organisms. Com mon on seedling plants, the cowpea aphid is shiny black with white patches on its legs.
Other aphids are similar in appearance to aphis gossypii glover, the melon or cotton aphid. Pdf the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover aphididae is an important pest of indoor and outdoor cucumber crops in iran. Refuges and host shift pathways of hostspecialized aphids. Field surveys showed that not all the aphids overwintering on hibiscus migrated to the secondary host plants, and the hostalternating and hostspecific life cycle forms coexisted in. Pdf life history performance of aphis gossypii glover aphididae. Studies on the life cycle and polymorphisms of aphis gossypii glover homoptera. And then, these six aphid genotypes reared on artificial diet were transferred onto cotton and cucumber excised leaves to examine.
For a number of years there has been some confusion concerning the life cycle of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover. Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid. Population growth of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Behavioral traits of aphis gossypii glover alatp homoptera. The picture below shows a normal coloured aphis gossypii mottled green along with some darker aphids. Winged forms migrate to other hosts in late spring. It is not known how cannabis aphid eggs may survive indoors. Introduction tradeoffs between life history traits have been studied in a variety of. Aphis gossypii is an important cosmopolitan pest on malvaceae and cucurbitaceae plants carletto et al. Tradeoffs between lifehistory traits have been studied in a variety of organisms. Winged forms have a black head and thorax and hold their wings in a rooflike position over the back of the body.
All living things have life cycles, and often these life cycles are wonderfully strange and unexpected. Melon aphid or cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover insecta. Special bulletin of the college of agricultureutsunomiya university 37, 5. The males produced on sedum were described as wingless. Research paper gene expression profiling in winged and. Life table data and intrinsic rates of increase were obtained for myzus persicae, brachycaudus helichrysi and macrosiphoniella sanborni on chrysanthemum and for aphis gossypii on cucumber, at 18. Vyavhare, assistant professor and extension specialist david kerns, professor, ipm coordinator and extension specialist cotton aphids figure 1a. The complexity of the cotton aphid life cycle is a result of several factors. Ebert and cartwright list 90 plant families that have been recorded as hosts of a. Pdf biology and ecology of aphis gossypii glover homoptera. Like many aphid species, it has a complex life cycle that involves different physical forms morphs and two types of host plants.
The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora. It seems that aphis gossypii has been faced with variation performance and life cycle on different plants. Individuals organisms capable of fly benefit from the ability, but it is also costly on. Due to the complexity of research possible in this area, very little research has explored the effect of these beneficial organisms on life history traits of this aphid. It is a serious pest, transmitting many plant mosaic diseases. Apr 01, 2011 aphis gossypii glover is one of the most biologically diverse and economically important aphid species blackman and eastop 2007. Instead, use a less soluble form of nitrogen and apply it in small portions throughout the season rather than all at once.
In warm climates live young are produced all year, while in cooler areas there. Cotton aphids present a similar life cycle as other aphids species. We speculated that feeding on a constant set of host plants in the life cycle of aphids may contribute to the formation of host specialization. In this study, we examined the transcriptomic differences between winged and wingless morphs of cotton aphids, aphis gossypii, using a tagbased digital gene expression dge approach. Introduction tradeoffs between lifehistory traits have been studied in a variety of. Among cucurbits, cucumber and watermelon are most likely to be infested, followed by squash and pumpkin. The life stages of the green apple aphid aphis pomi. Conclusion feeding experience on artificial diet induced the expansion of host range of the cucurbitspecialized a. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii from australian cotton a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. Population genetic structure of aphis gossypii hemiptera. Some vegetable hosts include asparagus, beans, beet, cowpeas, cucurbits, eggplant, okra, spinach, and tomato. Special bulletin of the college of agriculture, utsunomiya university.
In the north, female nymphs hatch from eggs in the spring on the primary hosts. Pdf life cycle of aphis spiraecola patch homoptera. Genetic diversity of melon aphids aphis gossypii associated. Problems in the designation of type of life cycle and the evolutionary significance of the life cycle of this species are discussed. General information about aphis gossypii aphigo eppo global database. Individuals organisms capable of fly benefit from the ability, but it is also costly on energy for flight mechanism and flight behavior. The cotton aphid, aphis gossypii, is one of the most biologically diverse species of aphids. Life table data for aphis gossypii glover homoptera. However, sedum is not a host of melon aphid, but a closely related species. They molt, shedding their skin about four times before becoming adults.
Aphididae 3 the overwintering, or primary, host in cold climates was long thought to be limited to liveforever, sedum purpureum. This aphid is globally distributed, located in all but the coldest terrestrial habitats. Damage to a few of these crops is due to direct feeding, but for most of these crops its impact is through its role. Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology, 312.
Draft genome of the cotton aphid aphis gossypii sciencedirect. However, if lighting signals a shortening day, with less than 12 hours of daylight, sexual forms males, egg producing females and eggs may be produced. Aphids in texas landscapes how do you get rid of aphids. Aphididae, an important pest in glasshouse cucumber crops, were studied at 20, 25 and 30 c on two cucumber cultivars cucumis sativus l. Aphididae, is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution and a variety of biotypes. Ultra highthroughput illumina sequencing generated 5.
May 24, 2018 this aphid also has a complex life history. During ideal conditions this process can take as little as three days. Usually the larval development of aphids is a rapid process minks et al. Characterisation of neonicotinoid resistance in the cotton. Mar 31, 2014 aphis gossypii is one of the most biologically diverse and widely distributed aphid species. Adult aphids shown in figure 1 are winged or wingless, softbodied, yellow to dark green, and 116 inch or less in size. Heavy infestations can reduce crop yields, cause death, and result in foliar, floral, and fruit deformities. Biological aspects of aphis gossypii glover, 1877 hemiptera.
Patch 1925 gave accounts of the sexual forms of an aphid on sedum which she considered to be this species. Variability and genetic basis for migratory behaviour in a spring population of the aphid, aphis gossypii glover in the yangtze river valley of china volume 98 issue 5 x. Life cycle aphis gossypii has a very complex and variable life cycle. For the evaluation of mortality caused by rainfall, a. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families cucurbitaceae, rutaceae and malvaceae. In the southern plains and throughout the cotton belt the aphid population is primarily. Life cycle and description back to top the life cycle differs greatly between north and south. Kring, the life cycle of the melon aphid, aphis gossypii glover, an example of facultative migration, annals of the entomological society of america, volume 52, issue 3, 1 may 1959. Although reports suggests that the predators will attack all life stages, there is no record of predators attacking the egg ebert and cartwright, see kennedy et al. Drawing by robert evans snodgrass, 1930 in the autumn, hostalternating heteroecious aphid species produce a special winged generation that flies to different host plants for the sexual part of the life cycle. How to naturally get rid of aphids, white flies, and spider mites duration. The population dynamics, development of gonads, takeoff and flight behaviour of aphis gossypii glover were investigated in order to test whether there was variation of migratory ability in the spring population.
On the intermediate forms of aphis gossypii glover. The female reproduces parthenogenetically during summer and produces sexual males and females in autumn. Sex ratio in the population is about equal, although there may be slightly more females than males 5060% females. Aphis gossypii glover is one of the most biologically diverse and economically important aphid species blackman and eastop 2007. Aphididae to fenvalerate and imidacloprid and activities of detoxification enzymes on cotton and cucumber. Identification of aphis gossypii glover semantic scholar. Individuals capable of fly benefit from the ability, but it is also costly on. In addition, we evaluate the influence of density of gossypol glands and trichomes of leaves on the biology of the aphid. Screening for resistance to aphis gossypii glover, a. The cottonmelon aphid, aphis gossypii glover hemiptera. The melon, or cotton, aphid aphis gossypii is green to black. A species life cycle is the series of predictable major events characteristic of a particular species, from its first moment of coming into being, until its death.